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Output Management

So far we've manually included all our assets in our index.html file, but as your application grows and once you start using hashes in filenames and outputting multiple bundles, it will be difficult to keep managing your index.html file manually. However, a few plugins exist that will make this process much easier to manage.

Preparation

First, let's adjust our project a little bit:

project

  webpack-demo
  |- package.json
  |- webpack.config.js
  |- /dist
  |- /src
    |- index.js
+   |- print.js
  |- /node_modules

Let's add some logic to our src/print.js file:

src/print.js

export default function printMe() {
  console.log('I get called from print.js!');
}

And use that function in our src/index.js file:

src/index.js

 import _ from 'lodash';
+import printMe from './print.js';
 
 function component() {
   const element = document.createElement('div');
+  const btn = document.createElement('button');
 
   element.innerHTML = _.join(['Hello', 'webpack'], ' ');
 
+  btn.innerHTML = 'Click me and check the console!';
+  btn.onclick = printMe;
+
+  element.appendChild(btn);
+
   return element;
 }
 
 document.body.appendChild(component());

Let's also update our dist/index.html file, in preparation for webpack to split out entries:

dist/index.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
-    <title>Asset Management</title>
+    <title>Output Management</title>
+    <script src="./print.bundle.js"></script>
   </head>
   <body>
-    <script src="bundle.js"></script>
+    <script src="./index.bundle.js"></script>
   </body>
 </html>

Now adjust the config. We'll be adding our src/print.js as a new entry point (print) and we'll change the output as well, so that it will dynamically generate bundle names, based on the entry point names:

webpack.config.js

 const path = require('path');
 
 module.exports = {
-  entry: './src/index.js',
+  entry: {
+    index: './src/index.js',
+    print: './src/print.js',
+  },
   output: {
-    filename: 'bundle.js',
+    filename: '[name].bundle.js',
     path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
   },
 };

Let's run npm run build and see what this generates:

...
[webpack-cli] Compilation finished
asset index.bundle.js 69.5 KiB [emitted] [minimized] (name: index) 1 related asset
asset print.bundle.js 316 bytes [emitted] [minimized] (name: print)
runtime modules 1.36 KiB 7 modules
cacheable modules 530 KiB
  ./src/index.js 406 bytes [built] [code generated]
  ./src/print.js 83 bytes [built] [code generated]
  ./node_modules/lodash/lodash.js 530 KiB [built] [code generated]
webpack 5.4.0 compiled successfully in 1996 ms

We can see that webpack generates our print.bundle.js and index.bundle.js files, which we also specified in our index.html file. if you open index.html in your browser, you can see what happens when you click the button.

But what would happen if we changed the name of one of our entry points, or even added a new one? The generated bundles would be renamed on a build, but our index.html file would still reference the old names. Let's fix that with the HtmlWebpackPlugin.

Setting up HtmlWebpackPlugin

First install the plugin and adjust the webpack.config.js file:

npm install --save-dev html-webpack-plugin

webpack.config.js

 const path = require('path');
+const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
 
 module.exports = {
   entry: {
     index: './src/index.js',
     print: './src/print.js',
   },
+  plugins: [
+    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
+      title: 'Output Management',
+    }),
+  ],
   output: {
     filename: '[name].bundle.js',
     path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
   },
 };

Before we do a build, you should know that the HtmlWebpackPlugin by default will generate its own index.html file, even though we already have one in the dist/ folder. This means that it will replace our index.html file with a newly generated one. Let's see what happens when we do an npm run build:

...
[webpack-cli] Compilation finished
asset index.bundle.js 69.5 KiB [compared for emit] [minimized] (name: index) 1 related asset
asset print.bundle.js 316 bytes [compared for emit] [minimized] (name: print)
asset index.html 253 bytes [emitted]
runtime modules 1.36 KiB 7 modules
cacheable modules 530 KiB
  ./src/index.js 406 bytes [built] [code generated]
  ./src/print.js 83 bytes [built] [code generated]
  ./node_modules/lodash/lodash.js 530 KiB [built] [code generated]
webpack 5.4.0 compiled successfully in 2189 ms

If you open index.html in your code editor, you'll see that the HtmlWebpackPlugin has created an entirely new file for you and that all the bundles are automatically added.

If you want to learn more about all the features and options that the HtmlWebpackPlugin provides, then you should read up on it on the HtmlWebpackPlugin repo.

Cleaning up the `/dist` folder

As you might have noticed over the past guides and code example, our /dist folder has become quite cluttered. Webpack will generate the files and put them in the /dist folder for you, but it doesn't keep track of which files are actually in use by your project.

In general it's good practice to clean the /dist folder before each build, so that only used files will be generated. Let's take care of that.

A popular plugin to manage this is the clean-webpack-plugin so let's install and configure it.

npm install --save-dev clean-webpack-plugin

webpack.config.js

 const path = require('path');
 const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
+const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
 
 module.exports = {
   entry: {
     index: './src/index.js',
     print: './src/print.js',
   },
   plugins: [
+    new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
     new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
       title: 'Output Management',
     }),
   ],
   output: {
     filename: '[name].bundle.js',
     path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
   },
 };

Now run an npm run build and inspect the /dist folder. If everything went well you should now only see the files generated from the build and no more old files!

The Manifest

You might be wondering how webpack and its plugins seem to "know" what files are being generated. The answer is in the manifest that webpack keeps to track how all the modules map to the output bundles. If you're interested in managing webpack's output in other ways, the manifest would be a good place to start.

The manifest data can be extracted into a json file for easy consumption using the WebpackManifestPlugin.

We won't go through a full example of how to use this plugin within your projects, but you can read up on the concept page and the caching guide to find out how this ties into long term caching.

Conclusion

Now that you've learned about dynamically adding bundles to your HTML, let's dive into the development guide. Or, if you want to dig into more advanced topics, we would recommend heading over to the code splitting guide.

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